Conventional development is destructive. That is what Helena Norberg-Hodge concluded in the 1970s as she witnessed a remote region of the Indian Himalayas transform as western influence seeped in. Norberg-Hodge spent many years in Ladakh and wrote a book about it that still inspires many pioneers of local development. In this interview with The Guardian, she explains why localization and creating an economic system based on human and environmental well-being is the only sustainable model for development. She describes her concept as “society shaping business rather than business shaping society”.